The first step in the design of a BAVA involves selecting the size of the substrate. Such a Vivaldi antenna design can be created by following several steps, as described in and repeated here with some modifications. As a result of its stripline topology, the metal stack-up includes three metal layers the first and third layers being located on the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate, while the second is sandwiched in-between.Ĥ.1 Calculating Substrate Size and Stripline Width Langley et.al in and it offers better isolation and lower losses at high millimeter-wave frequencies. The latter, known as a balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (BAVA) was shown by J. The high process maturity, excellent electrical performance, good integration capabilities, and low tolerances made LTCC the process of choice for this project.įirst reported in, the Vivaldi antenna is a versatile design since it can be implemented in coplanar, microstrip, or stripline technology. Each LTCC tape layer has a post-fired thickness of 97 µm and uses Ag metallization with t = 9 µm and σ = 5.5 x 10 7 S/m. The Vivaldi designs presented later use the FerroA6S LTCC process with є r = 5.9 and tan δ = 0.002. Table I provides a comparison of high-performance packaging options currently available by presenting their key performance parameters. As the frequency of operation increases, the electrical performance of the package becomes at least as important as its integration capabilities and overall cost. The adoption of an SoP approach implies that passive components and antennas are implemented as an integral part of the packaging substrate. Most importantly, it is inherently broadband and relatively easy to design and fabricate. It can be shown that the Vivaldi antenna offers several performance advantages that make it particularly well suited to applications in the 60 GHz band. If higher gain is desired, then Yagi-Uda, horn, and Vivaldi radiators are more appropriate. Relevant antennas for applications at 60 GHz include basic radiators such as dipoles, patches, slots, loops, and inverted F. For low cost, high volume products, system-on-package (SoP) design is actually now an absolute requirement. Accordingly, antennas are increasingly realized as an integral part of the electronic chip package, as opposed to on the chip itself or as a stand-alone entity. Degradations associated with lossy substrates and interconnects, impedance mismatch, integration with transceiver electronics and proximity of nearby materials are severe. This paper presents the design of a tapered slot antenna, known as a balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna, and is seen to be a promising candidate for 60 GHz wireless communications.Īt millimeter-wave frequencies, antenna efficiency is paramount. These systems will require the development of antenna array technology with beam scanning capability, since high-gain (narrow beam) patterns that can be steered to track mobile devices, or change shape to reduce interference will be needed. Serious consideration is being given to the 60 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band by the Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) (now subsumed by the Wi-Fi Alliance) to develop and promote the adoption of multi-gigabit speed wireless communication technology based on the IEEE 802.11ad protocol, and by industry involved in developing fifth generation (5G) communication systems. However, this is not considered sufficient to meet the growing demand, and higher frequency bands will also need to be adopted. The more efficient use of spectrum and the use of smaller cells will help increase capacity within the frequency bands that are currently allocated to mobile wireless communications. The proliferation of portable devices such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops has resulted in an increased demand for mobile broadband wireless, and with the expected growth in the Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine communications, this increase is expected to exceed the current available capacity.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |